Capillaroscopic Patterns
Comprehensive library of capillaroscopic patterns, structural abnormalities, and diagnostic criteria.
Pattern Recognition
Systematic pattern recognition is fundamental to capillaroscopic interpretation. Each pattern provides diagnostic information about underlying microvascular pathology and can help differentiate between various connective tissue diseases.
The patterns are organized by structural characteristics, severity, and clinical associations. Understanding these patterns and their diagnostic significance is essential for accurate interpretation.
Giant capillaries
Capillaries with diameter >50 μm. Key feature of scleroderma spectrum disorders.
Associated with:
Hemorrhages
Hemosiderin deposits indicating previous capillary rupture. Sign of microvascular damage.
Associated with:
Abnormal Capillary Shapes
Tortuous, meandering, or crossed capillaries deviating from normal hairpin appearance.
Associated with:
Capillary Loss
Reduced capillary density <7 capillaries/mm. Indicates advanced microvascular damage.
Associated with:
Early Scleroderma Pattern
Few giant capillaries, few microhemorrhages, relatively preserved capillary distribution.
Associated with:
Active Scleroderma Pattern
Frequent giant capillaries, frequent microhemorrhages, moderate capillary loss.
Associated with:
Late Scleroderma Pattern
Irregular capillary enlargement, severe capillary loss with avascular areas, neoangiogenesis.
Associated with:
Non-specific Abnormalities
Abnormalities not meeting criteria for scleroderma pattern. May be seen in various conditions.
Associated with:
Differential Diagnosis Approach
Primary vs Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon
Primary: Normal capillary density and morphology, no giant capillaries or hemorrhages.
Secondary: Presence of giant capillaries, hemorrhages, capillary loss, or specific patterns.
Scleroderma Pattern Evolution
Early → Active → Late pattern progression correlates with disease activity and severity. Serial capillaroscopy allows monitoring of disease evolution and treatment response.
Other Connective Tissue Diseases
While scleroderma pattern is highly specific, non-specific abnormalities may be seen in SLE, MCTD, and dermatomyositis. Clinical correlation is essential for accurate diagnosis.